windows子系统目录位置

方式一

打开我的电脑，在地址栏输入\\wsl$，确定之后就看到所有的子系统了

方式二

安装的地址路径为

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C:\Users\用户\AppData\Local\Packages\对应的子系统\LocalState
# 例如
C:\Users\用户\AppData\Local\Packages\CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc\LocalState

windows家庭版安装hyper-v

新建bat文件hyper-v.bat，内容为

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pushd "%~dp0"

dir /b %SystemRoot%\servicing\Packages\*Hyper-V*.mum >hyper-v.txt

for /f %%i in ('findstr /i . hyper-v.txt 2^>nul') do dism /online /norestart /add-package:"%SystemRoot%\servicing\Packages\%%i"

del hyper-v.txt

Dism /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Hyper-V-All /LimitAccess /ALL

以管理员身份执行hyper-v.bat，然后等待安装，需要确认的都选择y

centos7安装grafana

  • 分类 软件 ·
  • 发表于 2022-01-24 15:20:01

设置源

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vi /etc/yum.repos.d/grafana.repo

源文件内容

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[grafana]
name = grafana
baseurl = https://packages.grafana.com/oss/rpm
repo_gpgcheck = 1
enabled = 1
gpgcheck = 1
gpgkey = https://packages.grafana.com/gpg.key
sslverify = 1
sslcacert = /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

安装

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yum install grafana

启动

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systemctl start grafana-server

设为开机启动

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systemctl enable grafana-server

访问

访问http://localhost:3000

grafana重置密码

找到grafana.db数据库，用sqlite工具执行下无sql语句

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update user set password = '59acf18b94d7eb0694c61e60ce44c110c7a683ac6a8f09580d626f90f4a242000746579358d77dd9e570e83fa24faa88a8a6', salt = 'F3FAxVm33R' where login = 'admin';

重置后登录用户和密码为：admin/admin

centos7安装mysql

  • 分类 软件 ·
  • 发表于 2022-01-07 16:52:51

安装

下载地址https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

找到想要的版本

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yum install libaio
wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

# 提示
error: Failed dependencies:
        mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64
        mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.34-1.el7 is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64

提示依赖mysql-community-client和mysql-community-common

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wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
# 提示和mariadb-libs冲突
file /usr/share/mysql/czech/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
# 查看出来删除掉
rpm -qa|grep mariadb-libs
rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 --nodeps
# 再重新安装mysql-community-common

wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-community-client-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
error: Failed dependencies:
        mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 is needed by mysql-community-client-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64

提示依赖mysql-community-libs

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wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-community-libs-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

一共需要下面4个文件

  • mysql-community-client-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  • mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  • mysql-community-libs-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  • mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

启动

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systemctl start mysqld
# 查看状态
systemctl status mysqld

设置密码

如果没有设置密码

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/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'xxx'

如果设置了密码

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# 找到密码
sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
# 登录
mysql -uroot -p
# 修改密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!'

# 出错
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

# 降低密码强度
set global validate_password_policy=0;
set global validate_password_length=1;

# mysql8，没这两个变量
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
# 改为
set global validate_password.policy=0;
set global validate_password.length=1;
systemctl restart mysqld

用户加入sudo列表

新创建的用户，使用sudo切换到root时提示错误

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xxx is not in the sudoers file.  This incident will be reported.

解决方法：

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# 切换到`root`下
su 
# 授权
chmod u+w /etc/sudoers
# 编辑sudoers文件
vi /etc/sudoers
# 添加
username            ALL=(ALL)                ALL
# 保存
chmod u-w /etc/sudoers

centos安装docker

  • 分类 软件 ·
  • 发表于 2022-01-04 10:09:22

按官网步骤

删除旧的

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sudo yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine

设置源

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sudo yum install -y yum-utils
sudo yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

安装

启用Nightly版

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sudo yum-config-manager --enable docker-ce-nightly

安装

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sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

搜索可用版本

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yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r

指定版本

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sudo yum install docker-ce-<VERSION_STRING> docker-ce-cli-<VERSION_STRING> containerd.io

启动

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sudo systemctl start docker

验证

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sudo docker run hello-world

配置免费ssl证书

安装acme.sh

官方安装

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curl  https://get.acme.sh | sh -s email=my@example.com

安装之后会在目录下生成个.acme.sh目录

资源在github，经常下载失败，手动克隆仓库安装

把https://github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh同步到gitee上，再克隆下来，执行下面命令

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git https://gitee.com/xxx/acme.sh.git
cd acme.sh
./acme.sh --install -m  my@example.com
alias acme.sh=~/.acme.sh/acme.sh

生成证书

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acme.sh  --issue -d www.example.com  --webroot  /home/wwwroot/example.com/

如果80端口只配置了一个站点，可以这样

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# apache
acme.sh  --issue -d www.example.com  --apache
# nginx
acme.sh  --issue -d www.example.com  --nginx

安装证书

官方例子nginx

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acme.sh --install-cert -d www.example.com \
--cert-file      /path/to/certfile/in/apache/cert.pem  \
--key-file       /path/to/keyfile/in/apache/key.pem  \
--fullchain-file /path/to/fullchain/certfile/apache/fullchain.pem \
--reloadcmd     "service apache2 force-reload"

官方例子apache

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acme.sh --install-cert -d www.example.com \
--key-file       /path/to/keyfile/in/nginx/key.pem  \
--fullchain-file /path/to/fullchain/nginx/cert.pem \
--reloadcmd     "service nginx force-reload"

手动安装

拷贝到指定的目录

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cp  ~/.acme.sh/www.example.com/fullchain.cer /etc/nginx/ssl/www.example.com.cer
cp ~/.acme.sh/www.example.com/www.example.com.key /etc/nginx/ssl/www.example.com.key

修改nginx配置/etc/nginx/conf.d/www.example.com.conf

  • 启用https
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listen 443 ssl;
listen [::]:443 ssl;
  • 证书
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ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/www.example.com.cer;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/www.example.com.key;
  • http跳转https
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server {
     listen 80;
     server_name www.example.com;
     return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}

linux用户管理

  • 分类 linux ·
  • 发表于 2021-12-26 17:05:25

创建用户

创建一个用户

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useradd username

创建用户并创建用户目录

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useradd -m username

创建用户不创建用户目录

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useradd -M username

创建用户不用于登录

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useradd -s /sbin/nologin

创建用户不用于登录和不创建目录

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useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M username

删除用户

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userdel username

把用户目录也删掉

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userdel -r username

设置密码

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passwd username

用户组

创建组

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groupadd groupname

删除组

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groupadd groupname

用户加入组

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usermod -G groupname username

用户加入组（并从原来组中移出）

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usermod -g groupname username

用户移出用户组

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gpasswd -d username groupname

相关查看

所有用户

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cat /etc/passwd

所有用户组

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cat /etc/group

ssh长时间保持不断开

远程ssh连接服务器，默认长时间不用会自动断开，设置不自动断开方式有三种

客户端连接加参数

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# 相当于每隔120秒向服务器发送心跳
ssh -o ServerAliveInterval=120 user@ip

客户端设置配置

如果ssh服务器信息放~/.ssh/config中的，设置ServerAliveInterval值

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Host alias 
    HostName ip
    User root
    ServerAliveInterval 120

服务器配置

修改sshd_config

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vi vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config

## 发送心跳间隔
ClientAliveInterval 120
## 最大发送次数
ClientAliveCountMax 720